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Today, there is a great deal of attention focused on sustainable growth worldwide. The increase in efficiency in the use of energy may even, in this historical moment, bring greater benefit than the use of renewable energies. Electricity appears to be the most sustainable of energies and the most promising hope for a planet capable of growing without compromising its own health and that of its inhabitants. Power electronics and electrical drives are the key technologies that will allow energy savings through the reduction of energy losses in many applications. This Special Issue has collected several scientific contributions related to energy efficiency in electrical equipment. Some articles are dedicated to the use and optimization of permanent magnet motors, which allow obtaining the highest level of efficiency. Most of the contributions describe the energy improvements that can be achieved with power electronics and the use of suitable control techniques. Last but not least, some articles describe interesting solutions for hybrid vehicles, which were created mainly to save energy in the smartest way possible.

LLC resonant converter --- resonant transformer --- fringing effect --- adjustable magnetizing inductance --- efficiency --- optimal design --- oil pump --- brushless DC --- motor --- robust --- vehicles --- eddy current coupling --- hybrid excited --- magnetic equivalent circuit --- magnetic field analysis --- torque-slip characteristic --- switched inductor capacitor converter --- a power converter --- energy transfer media --- ripple voltage --- conduction loss --- Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) --- series architecture --- supercapacitor --- Energy Management System (EMS) --- storage sizing --- energy efficiency --- backlight --- DC-DC converter --- passive snubber --- voltage stress --- maximum-torque-per-ampere (MTPA) --- torque control --- per unit --- IPMSM --- SiC devices --- Si devices --- three level NPC inverter --- three level T-NPC inverter --- two level SiC MOSFET inverter --- overvoltages --- heat sink volume --- motor emulator --- power loss --- current tracking --- finite set model predictive control --- medium frequency transformer --- power electronic transformer --- Solid State Transformer (SST) --- railway electric traction --- Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) --- soft-switching --- DC–DC converter --- multi-input converter --- battery --- hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), efficiency --- permanent magnet motor --- synchronous motor --- brushless drive --- industrial application --- turbocompound --- turbocharger --- hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) --- fuel economy

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Today, there is a great deal of attention focused on sustainable growth worldwide. The increase in efficiency in the use of energy may even, in this historical moment, bring greater benefit than the use of renewable energies. Electricity appears to be the most sustainable of energies and the most promising hope for a planet capable of growing without compromising its own health and that of its inhabitants. Power electronics and electrical drives are the key technologies that will allow energy savings through the reduction of energy losses in many applications. This Special Issue has collected several scientific contributions related to energy efficiency in electrical equipment. Some articles are dedicated to the use and optimization of permanent magnet motors, which allow obtaining the highest level of efficiency. Most of the contributions describe the energy improvements that can be achieved with power electronics and the use of suitable control techniques. Last but not least, some articles describe interesting solutions for hybrid vehicles, which were created mainly to save energy in the smartest way possible.

History of engineering & technology --- LLC resonant converter --- resonant transformer --- fringing effect --- adjustable magnetizing inductance --- efficiency --- optimal design --- oil pump --- brushless DC --- motor --- robust --- vehicles --- eddy current coupling --- hybrid excited --- magnetic equivalent circuit --- magnetic field analysis --- torque-slip characteristic --- switched inductor capacitor converter --- a power converter --- energy transfer media --- ripple voltage --- conduction loss --- Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) --- series architecture --- supercapacitor --- Energy Management System (EMS) --- storage sizing --- energy efficiency --- backlight --- DC-DC converter --- passive snubber --- voltage stress --- maximum-torque-per-ampere (MTPA) --- torque control --- per unit --- IPMSM --- SiC devices --- Si devices --- three level NPC inverter --- three level T-NPC inverter --- two level SiC MOSFET inverter --- overvoltages --- heat sink volume --- motor emulator --- power loss --- current tracking --- finite set model predictive control --- medium frequency transformer --- power electronic transformer --- Solid State Transformer (SST) --- railway electric traction --- Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) --- soft-switching --- DC–DC converter --- multi-input converter --- battery --- hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), efficiency --- permanent magnet motor --- synchronous motor --- brushless drive --- industrial application --- turbocompound --- turbocharger --- hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) --- fuel economy

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This book is a collection of scientific papers concerning multilevel inverters examined from different points of view. Many applications are considered, such as renewable energy interface, power conditioning systems, electric drives, and chargers for electric vehicles. Different topologies have been examined in both new configurations and well-established structures, introducing novel and particular modulation strategies, and examining the effect of modulation techniques on voltage and current harmonics and the total harmonic distortion.

total harmonic distortion (THD) --- imperialist competitive algorithm --- fault detection --- automatic current balance --- small signal modeling --- phase-shifted PWM --- voltage balance control --- parasitic switching states --- multi-terminal DC network (MTDC) --- DC-link capacitor voltage balancing --- high efficiency drive --- modular multilevel converters --- DC-link voltage balancing --- power factor correction --- selected harmonic elimination --- Continuous Wavelet Transform --- power flow analysis --- T-type inverter --- electrical drives --- modular multilevel converter (MMC) --- computational cost --- fault location --- voltage imbalance --- DC-link capacitor design --- multilevel active-clamped converter --- dc-link capacitor voltage balance --- voltage ripple --- commutation --- model predictive control (MPC) --- voltage fluctuation --- multi-motor drive --- Balance of capacitor voltage --- on-board battery charger --- single-phase three-level NPC converter --- Suppression of CMV --- redundant switching combination --- ACTPSS --- model predictive control --- three-loop --- finite control set model predictive control --- current estimation --- five-level --- fault-tolerant control --- offset voltage injection --- harmonic component --- current unmeasurable areas --- LC filter --- computational burden --- interleaved buck --- three-level converter --- IGBT short-circuit --- SVPWM --- harmonic --- DC side fault blocking --- three-phase to single-phase cascaded converter --- single shunt resistor --- buck-chopper --- power factor --- modulation techniques --- modular multilevel converters (MMC) --- permanent magnet synchronous generator --- sorting networks --- alternating current (AC) motor drive --- space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) --- open end winding motor --- minimum voltage injection (MVI) method --- transmission line --- shift method --- genetic algorithm --- electric vehicle --- active filter --- NPC/H Bridge --- battery energy storage system (BESS) --- digital controller --- neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter --- motor drive --- hybrid modulated model predictive control --- level-shifted PWM --- optimal output voltage level --- Phase Disposition PWM --- open-end winding configuration --- modular multilevel converter --- multilevel power converters --- simplified PWM strategy --- MMC-MTDC --- tolerance for battery power unbalance --- three-level neutral point clamped inverter (NPCI) --- real time simulator --- harmonic mitigation --- reverse prediction --- multilevel inverters --- field-programmable gate array --- current reconstruction method --- digital signal processors (DSP) --- three-level boost --- multilevel converter --- improved PQ algorithm --- low-harmonic DC ice-melting device --- PV-simulator --- total harmonic distortion --- voltage balancing --- Sub-module (SM) fault --- DC–DC conversion --- smart grid --- Cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMI) --- dynamic reactive --- field-oriented control --- capacitor voltage balancing --- energy saving --- high reliability applications --- three-phase inverter --- substation’s voltage stability --- three-level boost DC-DC converter --- power quality --- T-type converter --- voltage source inverter --- state-of-charge (SOC) balancing control --- multi-point DC control --- predictive control --- Differential Comparison Low-Voltage Detection Method (DCLVDM)

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Continuous cost reduction of photovoltaic (PV) systems and the rise of power auctions resulted in the establishment of PV power not only as a green energy source but also as a cost-effective solution to the electricity generation market. Various commercial solutions for grid-connected PV systems are available at any power level, ranging from multi-megawatt utility-scale solar farms to sub-kilowatt residential PV installations. Compared to utility-scale systems, the feasibility of small-scale residential PV installations is still limited by existing technologies that have not yet properly address issues like operation in weak grids, opaque and partial shading, etc. New market drivers such as warranty improvement to match the PV module lifespan, operation voltage range extension for application flexibility, and embedded energy storage for load shifting have again put small-scale PV systems in the spotlight. This Special Issue collects the latest developments in the field of power electronic converter topologies, control, design, and optimization for better energy yield, power conversion efficiency, reliability, and longer lifetime of the small-scale PV systems. This Special Issue will serve as a reference and update for academics, researchers, and practicing engineers to inspire new research and developments that pave the way for next-generation PV systems for residential and small commercial applications.

History of engineering & technology --- three-phase rectifier --- PFC --- switch-mode rectifier --- ZVS --- ZCS --- single stage micro-inverter --- burst control --- variable frequency control --- maximum power-point tracking --- grid-connected photovoltaic systems --- cascade multilevel converters --- multistring converters --- T-type converters --- power clipping --- ESS sizing --- grid-tied PV plant --- cascaded H-bridge --- photovoltaic inverter --- module level --- switching modulation strategy --- energy yield --- photovoltaic (PV) --- virtual synchronous generator (VSG) --- frequency response (FR) --- power reserve control (PRC) --- active power up-regulation --- dual inverter --- open-end winding transformer --- photovoltaic application --- filter --- DC–AC converters --- efficiency --- neutral-point-clamped inverter --- PV applications --- PV inverters --- PV systems --- quasi-z-source --- two-level inverter --- three-level inverter --- converter topologies --- partial shading --- photovoltaic (PV) arrays --- multiple maximas --- mismatch --- differential power processing (DPP) --- series-parallel (SP) --- total-cross-tied (TCT) --- bridge-linked (BL) --- center-cross-tied (CCT) --- quasi-Z-source inverter --- double-frequency ripple --- ripple vector cancellation --- shoot-through duty cycle --- modulation --- DC microgrid --- DC electric spring --- distributed cooperative control --- adaptive droop control --- consensus algorithm --- Electric spring --- hierarchical control --- coordinated control --- power decoupling control --- droop control --- microgrid --- microinverter --- variable dc-link voltage --- photovoltaic --- solar energy --- renewable energy --- residential systems --- PV generators --- active power --- reactive power --- Renewable energy --- grid codes --- capability curves --- transformerless inverter --- full bridge inverter --- leakage current --- NPC topology --- full-bridge inverter --- PV microinverters --- single-stage --- buck-boost --- tapped inductor --- modular multilevel converter --- photovoltaic power system --- grid integration --- control system --- distributed renewable energy source --- energy storage --- 1500 V photovoltaic (PV) --- reliability --- cost-oriented design --- DC–DC converter --- series resonance converter --- wide range converter --- bidirectional switch --- conversion efficiency

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Continuous cost reduction of photovoltaic (PV) systems and the rise of power auctions resulted in the establishment of PV power not only as a green energy source but also as a cost-effective solution to the electricity generation market. Various commercial solutions for grid-connected PV systems are available at any power level, ranging from multi-megawatt utility-scale solar farms to sub-kilowatt residential PV installations. Compared to utility-scale systems, the feasibility of small-scale residential PV installations is still limited by existing technologies that have not yet properly address issues like operation in weak grids, opaque and partial shading, etc. New market drivers such as warranty improvement to match the PV module lifespan, operation voltage range extension for application flexibility, and embedded energy storage for load shifting have again put small-scale PV systems in the spotlight. This Special Issue collects the latest developments in the field of power electronic converter topologies, control, design, and optimization for better energy yield, power conversion efficiency, reliability, and longer lifetime of the small-scale PV systems. This Special Issue will serve as a reference and update for academics, researchers, and practicing engineers to inspire new research and developments that pave the way for next-generation PV systems for residential and small commercial applications.

three-phase rectifier --- PFC --- switch-mode rectifier --- ZVS --- ZCS --- single stage micro-inverter --- burst control --- variable frequency control --- maximum power-point tracking --- grid-connected photovoltaic systems --- cascade multilevel converters --- multistring converters --- T-type converters --- power clipping --- ESS sizing --- grid-tied PV plant --- cascaded H-bridge --- photovoltaic inverter --- module level --- switching modulation strategy --- energy yield --- photovoltaic (PV) --- virtual synchronous generator (VSG) --- frequency response (FR) --- power reserve control (PRC) --- active power up-regulation --- dual inverter --- open-end winding transformer --- photovoltaic application --- filter --- DC–AC converters --- efficiency --- neutral-point-clamped inverter --- PV applications --- PV inverters --- PV systems --- quasi-z-source --- two-level inverter --- three-level inverter --- converter topologies --- partial shading --- photovoltaic (PV) arrays --- multiple maximas --- mismatch --- differential power processing (DPP) --- series-parallel (SP) --- total-cross-tied (TCT) --- bridge-linked (BL) --- center-cross-tied (CCT) --- quasi-Z-source inverter --- double-frequency ripple --- ripple vector cancellation --- shoot-through duty cycle --- modulation --- DC microgrid --- DC electric spring --- distributed cooperative control --- adaptive droop control --- consensus algorithm --- Electric spring --- hierarchical control --- coordinated control --- power decoupling control --- droop control --- microgrid --- microinverter --- variable dc-link voltage --- photovoltaic --- solar energy --- renewable energy --- residential systems --- PV generators --- active power --- reactive power --- Renewable energy --- grid codes --- capability curves --- transformerless inverter --- full bridge inverter --- leakage current --- NPC topology --- full-bridge inverter --- PV microinverters --- single-stage --- buck-boost --- tapped inductor --- modular multilevel converter --- photovoltaic power system --- grid integration --- control system --- distributed renewable energy source --- energy storage --- 1500 V photovoltaic (PV) --- reliability --- cost-oriented design --- DC–DC converter --- series resonance converter --- wide range converter --- bidirectional switch --- conversion efficiency